End of the Vietnam War - Fall of Saigon

Previous Page | Vietnam War 101 Working for Peace With the failure of the 1972 Easter Offensive, North Vietnamese leader Le Duc Tho became concerned that his nation could become isolated if President Richard Nixons policy of dà ©tente softened relations between the United States and his allies, the Soviet Union and China.  As such he relaxed the Norths position in the ongoing peace negotiations and stated that the South Vietnamese government could remain in power as the two sides sought a permanent solution.  Responding to this change,  Nixon’s National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, commenced secret talks with Tho in October.  Ã‚   After ten days, these proved successful and a draft peace document was produced.  Angered at having been excluded from the talks, South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu demanded major alterations to the document and spoke out against the proposed peace.  In response, the North Vietnamese published the details of the agreement and stalled the negotiations. Feeling that Hanoi had attempted to embarrass him and to force them back the table, Nixon ordered the bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong in late December 1972 (Operation Linebacker II). On January 15, 1973, after pressuring South Vietnam to accept the peace deal, Nixon announced the end of offensive operations against North Vietnam. Paris Peace Accords The Paris Peace Accords ending the conflict were signed January 27, 1973, and were followed by the withdrawal of the remaining American troops. The terms of the accords called for a complete ceasefire in South Vietnam, allowed North Vietnamese forces to retain the territory they had captured, released US prisoners of war, and called for both sides to find a political solution to the conflict. To achieve a lasting peace, the Saigon government and Vietcong were work towards a lasting settlement that would result in free and democratic elections in South Vietnam.  As an enticement to Thieu, Nixon offered US airpower to enforce the peace terms. Standing Alone, South Vietnam Falls With US forces gone from the country, South Vietnam stood alone. Though the Paris Peace Accords were in place, fighting continued and in January 1974 Thieu publicly stated that the agreement was no longer in effect. The situation worsened the following year with the fall of Richard Nixon due to Watergate and passage of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1974 by Congress which cut off all military aid to Saigon. This act removed the threat of air strikes should North Vietnam break the terms of the accords. Shortly after the act’s passage, North Vietnam began a limited offensive in Phuoc Long Province to test Saigon’s resolve. The province fell quickly and Hanoi pressed the attack. Surprised by the ease of their advance, against largely incompetent ARVN forces, the North Vietnamese stormed through the south, and threatened Saigon.  With the enemy nearing, President Gerald Ford ordered the evacuation of American personnel and embassy staff.  In addition, efforts were made to remove as many friendly South Vietnamese refugees as possible.  These missions were accomplished through Operations Babylift, New Life, and Frequent Wind in the weeks and days before the city fell.  Advancing quickly, North Vietnamese troops finally captured Saigon on April 30, 1975. South Vietnam surrendered the same day. After thirty years of conflict, Ho Chi Minh’s vision of a united, communist Vietnam had been realized. Casualties of the Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, the United States suffered 58,119 killed, 153,303 wounded, and 1,948 missing in action. Casualty figures for the Republic of Vietnam are estimated at 230,000 killed and 1,169,763 wounded. Combined the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong suffered approximately 1,100,000 killed in action and an unknown number of wounded. It is estimated that between 2 to 4 million Vietnamese civilians were killed during the conflict. Previous Page | Vietnam War 101

Why Students Should Not Work - 934 Words

As society advances forward, the need for a college education is becoming increasingly inherent to upcoming students. Many students feel a need to work in order to pay for their education, but this can have mixed effects. Many fall off of their path of study and become entwined in a blue-collar life, they often cannot find their way out. A substantial amount of time and energy is required to flourish in college and a long shift at work can have a parasitic effect on a student’s academic potential. As a result working students find that their job can lead to them having lower grades and flunking courses. Students should not work throughout college because alternate forms of financial aid are available, the opportunity for academic success is limited, and personal free time is diminished. Failing school because you are having difficulty paying for school is outlandish. Measures have been emplaced to alleviate the financial worries of a college student, so working shouldn’ t be much of a concern to them. A common motivation for working in college is the need for money; rising school prices and an unstable market add to this. The need for money is apparent to them and a quick solution is to work a job after or before school. They pay for books and clothing with this money and they put off school to do it. For many students working throughout college is the only solution they know to pay for it. The lack of awareness and general education for finding financialShow MoreRelatedSchool Hours895 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Students complain about how tired they are during their morning periods. Thesis: Schools should start later according to Dr. Ross and Mr. Philips. Students feel very emotionally distress early in the mornings. It’s only reasonable to think that concentration would be better after enough of time to actually wake up. i. Dr. Ross and Mr. Philips ii. Emotional distress iii. Concentration Conclusion: We should start paying more attention to the reasoning’s of why schools should start laterRead MoreWhat Do Our Schools Serve The Goals Of A True Education?1362 Words   |  6 Pagesor a good education that we, as students, deserve. Schools have been cheating us of what we deserve. Although some may believe our school system is perfect, it is not; our school system is broken and it needs to be fixed. But to fix the problems and to serve the students we must first have a vision of what good education is (Ravitvch). What is a good education? A good education isn’t just learning and comprehending, a good education should also teach us how to work well with others, to use our commonRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Cell Phones In School970 Words   |  4 PagesShould cell phones or mobile devices be allowed during school hours or through out different classes. Cell phones are not good for students or for teacher to have to deal with while they are trying to do their job and teach. Most kids should be able to go each day without their phones till they get home from school and are allowed then to get on their phones. Most kids do not even have phones to take to school or to look forward to getting on when they get home from school. Schools all over the worldRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1742 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Get Paid? Should college athletes be paid? This has been a controversial topic ever since college sports started. Many people argue that they should. Many people argue that they should not. College athletes should get paid because they work extremely hard playing their sport. The people that say they should be paid argue that the amount of time athletes dedicate is equivalent to a full-time job, and maybe even more. The people that say they should not get paid argue that collegeRead MoreFactors That Affect Teacher s Expectations Of Students844 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher’s expectations of students in a negative way. I have seen how the way the children act and their background affects the leaders at my sites expectations for how a child will act during homework time. One of the students I work with was being very difficult during free time, so before I worked with that child on homework, the teacher told me that the students acted out because of many problems at home, and because of t his, I should not expect much from this student in a positive academic situationRead MoreWhat is Art Integrating?984 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined as â€Å"an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process which connects an art form and another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both† (Silverstein Layne, 2010). With this definition, we know that art integration is not simply drawing a picture of Goldilocks after reading Goldilocks and the Three Bears. It has to reach much deeper than that for the student to be able to show that they truly understandRead MoreGrade Deflation Rough Draft : Outline1043 Words   |  5 PagesKenneth A. Hicks Prof. Erika Jo Brown HYBRID ENGL 1303 September 30, 2015 Grade Deflation Rough Draft Imagine you have an essay due in two weeks, and you work on it day and night, run it through professors and friends for them to tell you what you think, and you do an extensive research to have supporting facts about what you are writing about. Your essay is immaculate, it has everything the professor asked for in the grading rubric. When you receive your grade, however, you are disappointed, youRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesout on the field, court, and track without any compensation for their hard work; even with the fact that college sports brings in a lot of revenue for universities. Also these athletes are not only athletes but students meaning they have to keep a certain grade point average to play. 1 College athletes deserve to be paid since they bring in the most money for universities, their hard work and having to balance being a student-athlete. Close Panel Its no secret that college sports bringsRead MoreAcademic Integrity And Student Plagiarism1622 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay concerns the issues of academic integrity as plagiarism and buying essays. This work addresses, much attention will be paid to the background of breaches of academic integrity. Students’ behavior will be described and thoroughly analyzed. This essay will provide an understanding that current educational system itself creates prerequisites for such violations. Nowadays, American students try to subvert the educational system by using plagiarism in essays. The educational system tries toRead MoreEssay 2. Everyone Who Is Involved With Education Has Different1360 Words   |  6 Pageswhether it’s about how to teach, what should teach, or what the purpose of education is. As time goes on, there has been change that has happened in the school systems and that will forever be changing for the better. People define ‘better’ in different ways, and people have disagreements on what could make education better and that’s why there all types of different methods and beliefs that create a diverse background of what education is and what it should be. My beliefs may be somewhat similar

Belize Essay Example For Students

Belize Essay IINTRODUCTION Belize, independent state, northeastern Central America, bounded on the north and northwest by Mexico, on the east by the Caribbean Sea, and on the south and west by Guatemala. Belize, until 1973 known as British Honduras, became independent in 1981 and is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The total area of Belize is 22,965 sq km (8867 sq mi). IILAND AND RESOURCES The northern half of Belize consists of lowlands, large areas of which are swampy. The southern half is dominated by mountain ranges, notably the Maya Mountains, which rise to a maximum elevation of 1120 m (3675 ft) atop Victoria Peak. The Caribbean coastline is fringed by coral barrier reefs and numerous cays (islets). The principal streams are the Belize River; the R?o Azul, which forms much of the boundary with Mexico; and the Sarst?n River, which forms the southwestern boundary with Guatemala. The climate of Belize is subtropical, moderated by sea breezes along the coast. The average annual temperature is about 26? C (about 79? F). The total annual rainfall increases from north to south and averages about 1800 mm (about 71 in). A rainy season extends from May to February. Some 86 percent Belize is covered by forests. Deciduous trees are found in the north; tropical hardwood trees predominate in the south. Principal species include the commercially important mahogany, cedar, and rosewood, as well as pine, oak, and palms. Mangrove swamp vegetation is found along the coast. Wildlife includes jaguar, deer, tapir, and numerous species of birds and reptiles. IIIPOPULATION AND EDUCATION The majority of the population of Belize is of mixed racial descent. The largest group is of black or partly black ancestry. Other groups include Native Americans, principally Carib and Mayan, located in the north and west; people of European descent, mainly English and Spanish; and people of mixed Native American-European descent. The population of Belize is 224,663 (1997 estimate). The overall density of 10 persons per sq km (25 per sq mi) is the lowest in Central America. Population is concentrated in a few principal urban centers, of which Belize City (population, 1988 estimate, 49,671) is the largest; it is also the principal port. Belmopan (1988 estimate, 3694), a newly constructed city, supplanted Belize City as the official capital in 1972. English is the official language; other languages spoken include Carib, Mayan, Spanish, and a Creole dialect of English. More than half the people are Roman Catholic, and most of the remainder are Protestant. Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 14. In the 1994-1995 school year 51,377 pupils were enrolled in primary schools, and 10,147 students were enrolled in secondary schools. Higher education is available at colleges in Belize City and Corozal. The literacy rate of 91 percent is one of the highest in Latin America. IVGOVERNMENT Belize is governed under a constitution that became effective at independence in 1981. The British sovereign is head of state and is represented by a governor-general, who has little power. Executive power is mainly exercised by a cabinet of ministers, led by a prime minister. The bicameral National Assembly consists of a Senate of 8 appointed members and a House of Representatives of 28 members elected by universal suffrage to terms of up to five years. The prime minister must have the support of a majority of the members of the House. The leading political parties are the Peoples United Party (1950) and the United Democratic Party (1974). VECONOMY The main economic resource is Belizes arable land, although only 3 percent of the total land area is under cultivation. Agricultural exports include sugar, citrus fruits, and bananas. Rice, beans, and corn are grown as subsistence crops. Lumbering, formerly the chief economic activity, has declined in importance. Major manufactures are processed food, wood products, and clothing. A road network of 2248 km (1397 mi) links the major urban centers, but some areas remain inaccessible. An international airport serves Belize City. The unit of currency is the Belize dollar (2 Belize dollars equal U.S.$1; 1996 fixed rate). In 1995 exports earned $139 million, and imports cost $258 million. The governments budget included $133 million in revenue and $180 million in expenditure in 1995. .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c , .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .postImageUrl , .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c , .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:hover , .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:visited , .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:active { border:0!important; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:active , .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud50d9f3812e23865ee80d18d2493364c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: IT IS A CONTROVERSIAL SUBJECT ON NATURE OR NURTURE HAS A MORE PROFOUND EssayVIHISTORY In pre-Columbian times Belize was part of the territory of the Maya. It was included in the viceroyalty of New Spain in the 1500s, and sometime later English woodcutters from Jamaica established a settlement on the Belize River. During the wars between England and Spain in the 1700s, Spain failed to dislodge the British from the area. In 1836, after the emancipation of Central America from Spanish rule, the British claimed the right to administer the region; it was declared a British colony, subordinate to Jamaica, in 1862 and an independent crown colony in 1884. Long-range constitutional reforms were initiated by the British in 1954, resulting in a new constitution ten years later. Progress toward independence, however, was hampered by an old Guatemalan claim to sovereignty over the territory. When Belize finally attained full independence on September 21, 1981, Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation; about 1500 British troops remained to protect Belize from the Guatemalan threat. Prime Minister George Price of the United Party, who had led the country to independence, was replaced by Manuel Esquivel when Belize held its first national elections, on December 14, 1984. Price returned to power after the elections of September 1989. In May 1993 the United Kingdom announced that it would end its military involvement in Belize. All British troops would evacuate the country by October 1994. Esquivel regained the prime ministership in June 1993 elections. In July Esquivel announced the suspension of a pact reached with Guatemala during Price s prime ministership, claiming Price had made too many concessions in order to gain Guatemalan recognition. The pact would have resolved a 130-year-old border dispute between the two countries. Geography

Target Market and Positioning Strategy Identification Tracking down the Flaws of Existing Policy

Introduction. Facing the End of an Era: Pfizer, Inc Moving in the fast lane with the currently developing world is quite an uneasy, though doubtlessly rewarding task. Because of the changes which the economical society and the world market are undergoing, companies are forced to change their strategies to adapt to the new conditions, as well as withstand the increasing competition.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Target Market and Positioning Strategy Identification: Tracking down the Flaws of Existing Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most graphic examples of the given phenomenon, Pfizer Inc., was forced to change its marketing strategy to adapt to the current standards of marketing. However, according to the case study, despite the changes, the company is still in a losing position. Unless new ways of development are suggested, the company is bound to face certain difficulties; however, re considering the current marketing strategy, one can possibly suggest new means of boosting the company’s success. A Description of the Target Market: When the Supply Meets the Demand To assess the efficiency of the changes which Pfizer Inc. has decided to apply to increase their revenues, the target market which the company aims at winning must be considered. Once the target audience is defined, it is considerably easier to analyze their demands and come up with peculiar propositions. It is obvious that the company aims at delivering products for the people of middle and high class, offering the medicine which is rather expensive, yet innovative and efficient: according to the case study, the key goal of the company is â€Å"to persuade medical professionals the world over to make Pfizer drugs the treatment of choice for their patients’ aches and pains† (Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc., n.d., 156). Thus, it is clear that the company’s target market is the p eople who suffer from the diseases which require rare and expensive medicine. However, according to the report, the company has decided to change the given niche – rather unwillingly, though – to another one. â€Å"Normally a new entry creates new interest in the market. That doesn’t seem to be happening here† (Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc., n.d., 157), McKinnel says. However, the company y seems to keep to their blockbuster strategy, which means that the current trend to offer medicine for â€Å"the diseases that remain without satisfactory treatments† (Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc., n.d., 157) seems to be the current niche.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analyzing the above-mentioned, one has to say that the key problem of the company is that they are hesitant about their further course. Although the old strategy has been used to de ath, Pfizer Inc. still cannot change its course because of the success of the previous strategy. Therefore, the company needs to aim at wider target audience and offer not only the medicine for a very specific group, e.g., Viagra, but also the medicine which can be used by people of both sexes and embrace the age group ranging from, say, 10 to 70. Discussing the Positioning Strategy: Pfizer, Inc. and the Current Solutions It goes without saying that positioning of the produced goods is as important as meeting the customers’ demand, mostly because a good positioning strategy not only helps people find the products which they are looking for, but also to drive their attention to the innovations in the given sphere. Regarding the current positioning strategy which the company follows, one must mention that Pfizer Inc. It seems that the company needs to pick a more subtle positioning technique, since â€Å"Overly aggressive marketing also has made drug companies easier targets p olitically† (Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc., n.d., 161). Hence, a more subtle and less loud publicity should be adopted. For instance, the company can develop an advertising campaign with a show-do-not-tell principle, since the last attempt of the kind was quite successful: â€Å"The company invested nearly $20 million in a program in Florida that was intended to show that better utilization of drugs would actually save the state money. It did† (Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc., n.d., 161). The Changes to Targeting and Positioning: Reasonable Suggestions As it has been mentioned before, the current positioning strategy which Pfizer Inc. follows leaves much to be desired. However, it is also necessary to keep in mind that the company y has sufficient reasons not to change the existing strategy. As the report says, the company is currently focuses on the development of â€Å"another HDL -raising drug† (Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc., n.d., 159). Therefore, the company h as changed its target clientele, since the HDL deficiency can occur at literally any age. However, the company still focuses on developing a certain â€Å"blockbuster† medicine.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Target Market and Positioning Strategy Identification: Tracking down the Flaws of Existing Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, it is necessary to develop the strategy which will keep the basic premises of the current one, yet be targeted to more general public and offer the medicine for the diseases which a lot of people suffer from. As one can see from the facts provided above, the company has met the first condition, broadening the target group, yet still offers the â€Å"panacea† for a â€Å"topical† disease. What Needs to Be Done: Watching the Competitors, Planning the Moves With the help of the above-mentioned plan, Pfizer Inc. is most likely to withstand the rapid changes and even succeed in attracting even more clients. However, it is also worth keeping in mind that other fields apart from marketing should be taken care of. One of such fields, the aspect of the company’s competitiveness, should be considered as soon as possible, given that Pfizer Inc. is going to enter the global market and, therefore, face a number of rivals. According to what Hooley, Piercy Nicoulaud (2008) claim, it is also crucial to assess the strategies and objectives of the competitors, taking into account their strong and weak points to fill in the niche which they have not noticed yet or cannot fill themselves in. However, the analysis of the existing competitors might take considerable time, since it consists of several stages: Competitor analysis, therefore, involves evaluating a series of concentric circles of adversaries: innermost and the direct competitors within the strategic group, next come companies within the industry that are driven to overcome the entry barriers to the strategic group, and then the outermost potential entrants and substitutes. (Hooley, Piercy Nicoulaud, 2008, 119) Therefore, the numerous rivals of Pfizer Inc. must be taken into account. Once Pfizer Inc. Learns its key adversaries, the company will be able to assess its potential more objectively. Moreover, a certain niche for the company will be found faster. Taking into account the above-mentioned, it is most reasonable to suggest that the company should analyze the score and the achievements of the competitors, as well as check whether it is possible to attract their clientele to Pfizer Inc.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion: Further Recommendations and the Future Prospects. Pfizer Will Live Thus, it is obvious that, despite the complexities which Pfizer is currently handling with, the company has an alternative way of development, which not only incorporates the elements of the preset-day strategy, but also suggests the solutions to the current problems. However, it must be admitted that the suggested plan requires certain compromises and changes in the course which the company is currently taking, which means that considerable losses are going to be taken in the process. Reference List Case 2–1. Pfizer, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved from ProtectedPDF database. Hooley, G., Piercy, N. F., Nicoulau, B. (2008). Marketing strategy and competitive positioning (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. This case study on Target Market and Positioning Strategy Identification: Tracking down the Flaws of Existing Policy was written and submitted by user Edith Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.